Iron+and+Steel

==**Iron & Steel ** ==

Iron is able to mold in any shape and is strong in compression. Is weaker than steel in tension and breaks without warning. Iron has frequent use at the construction of arch bridges, cannons and historic domes.  At the other hand we have steel that is one of the strongest materials used in construction, due to its strong in tension and compression. However loses strength in extremely high temperatures. 

=**Post-Reading Activities. **=



 **// “The old cast iron buildings died out. I'm not really sure whether the new skyscrapers killed them or the new esthetics”. //** **// Swinbourne //**
 On my opinion, it wasn’t the fault of new constructions like skyscrapers or the new trends in fashion or architectural design that “kill” cast iron use. It was the result of a process in the engineering and architectural improvements on construction.  People, who discover cast iron by first time, were really impressed by the wonderful properties of this material, so they start building all kind of structures (like walls, columns, façade...) with it. But, due to an accidentally fire event on Chicago, people start thinking in a new material for construction that could be stronger than iron. At this moment Steel properties were discovered and it became the most useful, strong and versatile material at construction just our days.

= **VS.** =  <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Cast Iron Tower Eiffel <span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> Steel Skyscraper

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**<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; color: rgb(255, 0, 255);">Tips for my Timeline diagram **
<span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> * In Architecture before 1800, metals played an auxiliary role. They were used for bonding masonry, for **tension** members and for roofing, doors, windows, and decoration. <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">     **<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> * Cast iron **<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">, <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">the first metal that could be substituted for traditional structural materials , <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 0, 255);">was used      <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">in 1777, on the first delicate iron bridge that reached out to span the Severn River at Coalbrookdale <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* In England built iron bridges and iron furniture! Iron ships and iron machines! Cast iron had a wonderful plasticity. People could cast complex forms cheaply and easily. For this reason iron began to be used in everything: walls, columns, façade, buildings… <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">* But, in 1871,   <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">    [|a terrible fire]      <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">swept over the iron facades of Chicago. When the wreckage cooled, people had to rebuild. By they began manufacturing modern steel. <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*The first industrial age of iron and steam, became the second industrial age, about 1880, called of steel and electricity <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">*In the 20 th century, the development of ** welding **  <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">made possible to produced fused joints with less labor and material. This was a fundamental change in architectural technique, whose effect cannot yet be <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;"> estimated. <span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 255); font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">

<span style="color: rgb(0, 128, 0); font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;"> **Span:** I worked with him over a span of six years.
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